Difference between revisions of "Chevrolet S-10 EV"

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{{Infobox Automobile
#REDIRECT [[Daewoo Kalos]]
|name=Chevrolet S-10 Electric
|image=[[Image:S10electric.jpg|250px|right|A [[Chevrolet]] S-10 Electric]]
|manufacturer=[[General Motors]]
|production=1997–1998
|engine=85 kW AC
|top_speed=71 mph
|transmission=none, direct drive
|layout=[[Front-engine design|Front-engine]], [[front-wheel drive]]
|aka=S-10 Electric, S-10E, S-10EV, E10, and E14
|related=[[GM EV1]], [[Chevy S-10]], Solectria S-10, [[Ford Ranger EV]]
}}


The '''Chevrolet S-10 Electric''' was introduced in 1997 by [[General Motors]], updated in 1998, and then discontinued. It was an [[Original Equipment Manufacturer|OEM]] [[Battery electric vehicle|BEV]] variant of [[Chevrolet]]'s [[Chevrolet S-10|S-10]] [[pickup truck]] which ran solely upon [[electricity]], and was marketed primarily to utility fleet customers.
[[Category:Chevrolet vehicles|Aveo]]
[[Category:Front wheel drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Subcompact cars]]
[[Category:Hatchbacks]]
[[Category:Sedans]]
[[Category:2000s automobiles]]


==Design==
[[ca:Chevrolet Aveo]]
[[General Motors]] started with a regular cab, short-box (6' bed) S-10 pickup, with a base level trim package, added a half [[tonneau]] cover.
[[de:Chevrolet Aveo]]
In place of a typical inline [[four cylinder]] or [[V-6]] [[internal combustion engine|engine]], the Electric S-10 EV was equipped with an 85 [[kilowatt|kW]] (114 [[horsepower]]) [[three-phase]], liquid cooled [[alternating current|AC]] [[induction motor]], based on GM's [[EV1]] electric coupe.  The EV1 had a 100 kW motor, GM reduced the S-10EV's motor because of the additional weight and drag of the truck so as not to overstress the batteries.
[[fr:Chevrolet Aveo]]
 
[[hr:Chevrolet Aveo]]
Other than the reduced motor size, the majority of power electronics were carried over directly from the EV1, which mandated that the Electric S-10 use a [[front-wheel-drive]] configuration, unlike the [[rear-wheel-drive]] setup found in stock S-10's and in the competing [[Ford Ranger EV]].
[[lt:Chevrolet Aveo]]
 
[[ja:シボレー・アヴェオ]]
===Batteries===
[[pl:Chevrolet Aveo]]
Similar to the Gen 1 EV1's setup, the 1997 Electric S10 stored and sourced its power from a [[lead acid battery]] pack.  Manufactured by [[Delco Electronics]], the {{Auto lb|1400|0}} pack consisted of 27 batteries, with one being designated as an "auxiliary" cell.  These reportedly offered 16.2 [[kilowatt-hour]]s for propulsion, and offered a varying driving range.  In 1998, [[Ovonic]] [[NiMH]] batteries were also available.  These batteries were lighter at {{Auto lb|1043|0}} and had 29 kilowatt-hours of storage for a longer range.  NiMH also has longer life but cost more than the lead acid option.  The battery pack was located between the frame rails, beneath the pickup bed.  On all battery types, an passive battery monitoring and management system is used.  This means that excess energy is wasted from cells with a higher charge, while the remainder of the cells reach the same state of charge.
[[pt:Chevrolet Aveo]]
 
[[ru:Chevrolet Aveo]]
===Charging=== 
[[uk:Chevrolet Aveo]]
The S-10 EV charges using the [[Magne Charge]]r, produced by the General Motors subsidiary [[Delco Electronics]].  The [[inductive]] charging paddle is the model J1773 or the 'large' paddle. The small paddle can also be used with an adapter to properly seat it. The standard charger is a 220 V 30 A (6.6 kW), there is also a 110 V 15 A 'convenience' charger, and a high power fast charge version. 
 
The vehicle's charging port is accessed by flipping the front [[license plate]] frame downwards.
The system is designed to be safe even when used in the rain.
 
See also:
* http://www.magnecharge.com
* [http://web.archive.org/web/19980625023701/http://www.gmev.com/gallery/footage/magne.mov charger demonstration movie] ''underwater''
 
==Efficiency==
Depending on the load and driving conditions the range can vary greatly.
 
For the 1997 PbA, a city range of {{convert|45.5|mi|km|1}}, a mixed (city/highway) range of {{convert|47|mi|km|0}}, and a highway range of {{convert|60|mi|km|0}} if operating constantly at {{Auto mph|45|0}} or less.
 
GM estimated 0-50 mph times of 13.5 seconds at 50% charge; "even less" when the truck had a full charge.  Like the EV1, the top speed of the truck was [[Governor (device)|governed]], albeit to {{Auto mph|70|0}}, {{Auto mph|10|0}} less than its [[GM EV1|coupe sibling]].
 
The performance is much better for the 1998 NiMH, at ~90 miles range and a 0-50 mph of 10.9 seconds at 50% charge.
 
* 1998 GM S10 EV lead: 45 kW·h/100 mi city, 41 kW·h/100 mi highway
* 1998 GM S10 EV NiMh: 94 kW·h/100 mi city, 86 kW·h/100 mi highway
(Source: Model Year 1999 EPA Fuel Economy Guide)
 
==1998 updates==
While the [[internal combustion]] S-10 moved to a redesigned front [[Fascia (car)|fascia]] in 1998, the S-10 Electric kept the same front fascia as the '94-'97, with the exception of composite headlamps in 1998 verses the previous years sealed beam headlamps.  The interior was also updated in 1998 along with internal combustion models, adding a passenger side airbag.  Aside from this header panel, a unique lower bumper valance, and a stylized 'Electric' decal on the bottom of the doors, there is very little difference externally between the appearance of an Electric and a stock S-10.  Any changes, however minimal, were reported to have had a positive influence on reducing the truck's [[aerodynamic]] resistance.  These changes included a closed grille and a front [[air skirt]], belly pans beneath the front [[Suspension (vehicle)|suspension]], a seal between the cab and the pickup bed, and a half-length [[tonneau]] cover over the rear of the pickup bed.
 
==Instruments==
Internally, the instrument cluster was exclusive to the Electric S-10, and featured only four gauges - a [[speedometer]], a large "charge" gauge which reads from 'E' to 'F' like a gas gauge, a [[voltmeter]] ranging from 220 to 440 [[volt]]s, and a "power use" meter, which acts as an [[ammeter]] of sorts showing discharge during acceleration and charge during regenerative braking.  The [[LCD]] display for the shifter was shortened to display only park, neutral, reverse, and drive, due to the absent unnecessary [[Transmission (mechanics)|transmission]].
 
==Additional features==
Despite the truck being based on a "base" trim package, the Electric S-10 still came standard with dual [[airbag]]s in 1998, a [[heat-pump]] for both [[air conditioning]] and heating, power four-wheel [[anti-lock braking system|ABS brakes]], [[regenerative braking]], power steering, [[amplitude modulation|AM]]/[[frequency modulation|FM]] [[radio]], and daytime running lamps, among other items.  For colder climates, a fuel-fired heater was standard, it runs on [[diesel fuel]] from small 1.7 gallon (6.4 L) tank at temperatures below 37 degrees [[Fahrenheit]] (3 °C).
 
Because battery performance varies greatly with temperature, the [[heat-pump]] supplies cooling to the batteries during charging when necessary. Passive air recirculation is used during the driving cycle to equalize variations in battery temperature. The [[heat-pump]] can be activated during the driving cycle under extreme battery over temperature conditions >150F, typically as a result of extreme battery discharge.
 
==Sales==
Unlike the [[EV1]], of the 492 S-10EVs assembled about 60 were ''sold'' to fleet customers, rather than just [[lease]]d through restrictive programs, mostly due to the prior [[United States Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]] crash-worthiness evaluations done on stock S-10 pickups.  As a result, a few Electric S-10's can still be found in use today.  The fleet life of many of these are ending in 2007 and 2008 and they can be acquired in government and business auctions. Those 440-some that were not sold were collected, dismembered and crushed just like their [[EV1]] siblings.
 
==Recent uses==
In 2004, GM converted a leftover S-10 Electric to rear-wheel drive, and harnessed its power through prototype in-wheel [[electric motor]]s, as pictured.
 
==External links==
Idaho National Laboratory operated for the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology:
* [http://avt.inl.gov/pdf/fsev/eva/chvs10.pdf 1997 Chevrolet S-10 with PbA Batteries]
* [http://avt.inl.gov/pdf/fsev/eva/s10.pdf 1998 Chevrolet S-10 with NiMH Batteries]
* [http://avt.inl.gov/pdf/fsev/other/s-10rel.pdf Chevrolet S-10 Accelerated Reliability Report]
 
*[http://www.evbones.com/ EV Bones] specializes in S10EV sales and service.
*[http://five.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/s10-ev mailing list] for Chevrolet S10 electric truck enthusiasts
 
[[Category:Chevrolet vehicles|S10 EV]]
[[Category:Former production electric vehicles]]
[[Category:Electric trucks]]

Revision as of 23:48, 2 February 2009

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