Difference between revisions of "GM Atlas engine"

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{{Unreferenced|date=January 2008}}
{{Infobox Automobile engine
| image =  
| name = Atlas
| aka =
| manufacturer = [[General Motors Corporation]]
| type = [[straight-4]]<br>[[straight-5]]<br>[[straight-6]]
| production = 2002 - present
| predecessor = [[Chevrolet Straight-6 engine]]
| successor =
| bore =
| stroke =
| displacement = 169-254&nbsp;cu&nbsp;in (2770-4160&nbsp;cc)
| length =
| diameter =
| width =
| height =
| weight =
| block =
| head =
| valvetrain =
| supercharger =
| turbocharger =
| fuelsystem =
| fueltype =
| oilsystem =
| coolingsystem =
| power =
| specpower =
| torque =
| compression =
| fuelcon =
| specfuelcon =
| oilcon =
| similar =
}}


'''Atlas''' is a name for a family of modern [[straight engine|inline]] [[piston engine]]s for [[truck]]s from [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]]. The series debuted in 2002 with the [[Oldsmobile Bravada]], and is also used in the [[Chevrolet TrailBlazer]] and [[Chevrolet Colorado|Colorado]] and their [[GMC (General Motors division)|GMC]] twins, the [[GMC Envoy|Envoy]] and [[GMC Canyon|Canyon]]. In production, the engines use GM's [[GM Vortec engine|Vortec]] name, and [[Straight-4|I4]], [[Straight-5|I5]], and [[Straight-6|I6]] engines are all part of the same family, sharing the same manufacturing equipment, rods, pistons, valves, and other parts. They feature [[variable valve timing]] on the [[exhaust manifold|exhaust]] side, [[electronic throttle control]], and a special oil pan with a pass-through for the [[half shaft]]s in [[four-wheel drive]] vehicles.  The inclusion of VVT on the exhaust allows the Atlas series to meet emissions standards without the use of [[EGR]], simplifying the engine design.


The '''Quad 4''' (called '''Twin Cam''' after 1995) was a [[DOHC]] and [[SOHC]] [[straight-4]] [[automobile]] engine produced by [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]]' [[Oldsmobile]] division. It was a modern engine for the time, but was criticized for roughness as well as its longevity{{Fact|date=January 2008}}. [[Balance shaft]]s were added in 1995, also known as a transitional year from the Quad 4 to the renamed TWIN CAM variant,  in 1996 2.4L (LD9) the complete engine makeover was accomplished. The name is derived from the engine's four cylinders and four valve per cylinder layout. There was a [[SOHC|single overhead camshaft]] variant that was produced for a brief time. The Quad 4 used an iron block and an aluminum head.
The Atlas program began in 1995 along with the planning for GM's next-generation mid-size [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]]s and [[pickup truck]]s. These vehicles were designed around the I6 engine. The I6 version was used in a [[Baja 1000|Baja 2000]] racing truck, winning its first race in a class that also included [[V8]] engines. Another I6-powered truck won the truck class at the [[Pikes Peak International Hillclimb]].


The Quad 4 debuted in 1987 and was replaced after 2001 by the [[Ecotec]]. Quad 4 engines were produced at GM's Delta Engine Plant (Plant 5) in [[Delta Township, Michigan]]. In recent years, it has gained a minor following in hot rodding circles as a period style engine (which looks like a 1930's [[Offenhauser]] twin cam unit){{Fact|date=January 2008}}.  
The I6 Atlas engines are produced at the [[Flint Engine South]] plant in [[Flint, Michigan]], while the I4 and I5 versions are produced at the Tonawanda Engine plant in [[Tonawanda, New York]].


==Quad OHC==
==LL8==
A [[SOHC]] variant of the Quad 4 was intended to replace the [[GM Tech IV engine|Tech IV]]. Debuting in 1992, this '''Quad OHC''' was an 8-valve engine and produced 120&nbsp;hp (89&nbsp;kW), 40&nbsp;hp (30&nbsp;kW) less than a Quad 4 from the same era. [[Torque]] was 140&nbsp;ft·lbf (190&nbsp;N·m).
[[Image:LL8.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Vortec 4200 LL8 engine in a 2006 Chevrolet Traiblazer.]]
The '''LL8''' (or '''Vortec 4200'''), is a [[straight-6]] [[truck]] engine. It was the first Atlas engine, and was designed for GM's new SUV line. It displaces 4.2 L {{nowrap|(4160 cc, 254 cu in)}}<ref>http://media.gm.com/us/powertrain/en/product_services/2007/Spec%20Sheet/Line%20456/2007_LL8.xls</ref>, with a {{Auto mm|93|1}} bore and {{Auto mm|102|1}} stroke.  When introduced, this engine's power was 270&nbsp;hp (205&nbsp;kW) @ 6000 rpm and torque was 275&nbsp;ft·lbf (373&nbsp;N·m) @ 3600 RPM. 2003 saw a slight bump in power to {{convert|275|hp|abbr=on}}, while torque was unchanged.  For 2006, power was increased to 291&nbsp;hp (217&nbsp;kW) @ 6000 rpm and torque to 277&nbsp;ft·lbf (376&nbsp;N·m) @ 4800 rpm with the addition of a [[Mass_flow_sensor#Hot_wire_sensor_.28MAF.29|MAF]] and a complete internal redesign of the engine. The Atlas LL8 was on the [[Ward's 10 Best Engines]] list for 2002 through 2005.  Engine redline is 6300 rpm.


Although power and economy were better than the [[pushrod engine|pushrod]] Tech IV, the Quad OHC was retired after 1994 when the DOHC version became standard.
LL8 Applications:
* 2002-2007 [[GMC Envoy]], ''Envoy XL'', and ''Envoy XUV''
* 2002-2007 [[Chevrolet TrailBlazer]] and ''TrailBlazer EXT''
* 2002-2004 [[Oldsmobile Bravada]]
* [[Buick Rainier]]
* [[Isuzu Ascender]]
* [[Saab 9-7X]]


==LD2==
==L52==
The LD2 was the standard version of the Quad 4. The LD2 was the first incarnation of the Quad 4. It is a lower output version of the Quad 4 when compared to the LGO or High Output Quad 4. There was a transitional version of the LD2 in 1995.
{{Infobox Automobile engine generation
| image        = [[Image:GMC_Canyon_Vortec_3500_engine.jpg|250px|Vortec 3500 L52 engine in a 2005 [[GMC Canyon]]]]
| name          = L52
| aka          = Vortec 3500
| type          = [[straight-5]]
| production    =
| predecessor  =
| successor    =
| bore          = {{Auto mm|93}}
| stroke        = {{Auto mm|102}}
| displacement  = {{convert|3460|cc|CID|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| length        =
| diameter      =
| width        =
| height        =
| weight        =
| block        =
| head          =
| valvetrain    =
| supercharger  =
| turbocharger  =
| fuelsystem    =
| fueltype      =
| oilsystem    =
| coolingsystem =
| power        = {{Convert|220|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} @ 5600 [[Revolutions per minute|RPM]]
| specpower    =
| torque        = {{Auto ftlbf|225}} @ 2800 [[Revolutions per minute|RPM]]
| compression  =
| fuelcon      =
| specfuelcon  =
| oilcon        =
| similar      =
}}


==1995==
The '''L52''' (also called '''Vortec 3500'''), is a [[straight-5]] [[truck]] engine. It displaces 3.5&nbsp;L ({{convert|3460|cc|CID|abbr=on|disp=s}}), with a {{Auto mm|93|1}} bore and {{Auto mm|102|1}} stroke, and shares much with the rest of the Atlas family. Dynoed at the flywheel it produces 220&nbsp;hp (164&nbsp;kW) @ 5600 rpm and 225&nbsp;ft·lbf (305&nbsp;N·m) @ 2800 rpm, while producing 179.13 hp at 6001 rpm when dynoed at the rear wheels. Engine redline is 6300 rpm.  
For 1995, a [[balance shaft]]-equipped version of the 2.3&nbsp;L version was produced. A clever arrangement ensured a constant load on the shafts: The crank drove one shaft, which drives the second, which drives the oil pump. The shafts spun at twice the engine&nbsp;rpm, forcing the [[redline]] to be reduced from 6800 to 6500&nbsp;rpm. Output was {{convert|150|hp|abbr=on}} and {{convert|150|ft.lbf|N.m|abbr=on}}. This was the only Quad 4 family engine produced in 1995. This was known as a transitional year for the engine family.


Applications:
It is used in the following vehicles:
* 1995 [[Pontiac Sunfire]] GT
* 1995 [[Chevrolet Cavalier]] Z24
* 1995 [[Pontiac Grand Am]] SE
* 1995 [[Oldsmobile Achieva]]


==LG0==
* 2002 [[Chevrolet Bel Air]] concept
The High-Output 2.3 L '''LG0''' version produced 180 hp (134 kW) from 1989 to 1992, and 175 hp (130 kW) in 1993 and 1994. Changes included more aggressive camshafts, and an extra half point of compression (from 9.5:1 to 10.0:1).
* 2004-2006 [[Chevrolet Colorado]]
* 2004-2006 [[GMC Canyon]]
* 2006 [[Isuzu i-Series]]
* 2006 [[Hummer H3]]


Applications:
==LLR==
* 1990-1993 [[Chevrolet Beretta]] ''GTZ''
The '''LLR''' (also called '''Vortec 3700'''), is a [[straight-5]] [[truck]] engine. It displaces 3.7&nbsp;L ({{convert|3653|cc|CID|0|abbr=on|disp=s}}), courtesy of a larger {{convert|95.5|mm|in|abbr=on}} bore while keeping the {{Auto mm|102|1}} stroke, and shares much with the rest of the Atlas family. It produces 242&nbsp;hp (180&nbsp;kW) @ 5600 rpm and 242&nbsp;ft·lbf (327&nbsp;N·m) @ 4600 rpm.  Engine redline is 6300 rpm.
* 1994 [[Chevrolet Beretta]] ''Z26''
* 1989-1991 [[Pontiac Grand Am]] "SE"
* 1990-1991 [[Pontiac Grand Am]] "LE"; only w/"Sport Performance Package"
* 1992-1994 [[Pontiac Grand Am]] "GT"
* 1990-1991 [[Pontiac Grand Prix]]
* 1989-1991 [[Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais]] "I-Series"
* 1990-1991 [[Oldsmobile 442#1990|Oldsmobile 442]] (full model name: "Cutlass Calais Quad 442")
* 1990-1991 [[Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme]]
* 1992-1994 [[Oldsmobile Achieva]] ''SC''


==W41==
It is used in the following vehicles:
The '''W41''' version was the highest-output Quad 4 at 190&nbsp;hp (142&nbsp;kW) in 1991 and 1992, and 185&nbsp;hp (138&nbsp;kW) in 1993. The additional {{convert|10|hp|abbr=on}} came from longer duration cams and a different PROM.
* 2007 [[Chevrolet Colorado]]
* 2007 [[GMC Canyon]]
* 2007 [[Isuzu i-Series]]
* 2007 [[Hummer H3]]


Applications:
==LK5==
* 1991 [[Oldsmobile 442#1990|Oldsmobile 442]]
The [[straight-4]] '''LK5''' engine is sold as the '''Vortec 2800''' in GM trucks. Like its Atlas brothers, the LK5 has [[dual overhead cam]]s, and shares their {{Auto mm|93|1}} bore and {{Auto mm|102|1}} stroke. The LK5 displaces 2.8&nbsp;L {{nowrap|(2770&nbsp;cc, 169 cu in)}} and produces 175&nbsp;hp (131&nbsp;kW) @ 5600 rpm and 185&nbsp;ft·lbf (251&nbsp;N·m) @ 2800 rpm.<ref>http://media.gm.com/us/powertrain/en/product_services/2006/Spec%20Sheets/Line%20456/2006%20Line%20I4%20Truck%20(LK5).pdf</ref>  Engine redline is 6300 rpm.
* 1992-1993 [[Oldsmobile Achieva]] ''SCX''


==LD9==
It is used in the following vehicles:
The '''LD9''' '''Twin Cam''' was a {{auto Lrev|146}} Quad 4 variant with [[balance shaft]]s, debuting in 1996. Bore was decreased from {{Auto mm|92|1}} to {{Auto mm|90|1}} and stroke increased from {{Auto mm|85|1}} to 94&nbsp;mm (3.70&nbsp;in) for better torque, and power was increased to 150&nbsp;hp (112&nbsp;kW).<ref>http://media.gm.com/division/chevrolet/products/archive_prod_info/pguide/cavalier/cavspec3.htm</ref> This engine received a minor update halfway through the 1999 model year that eliminated the [[EGR]], increased the compression ratio from 9.5:1 to 9.7:1, and switched from low impedance fuel injectors to high impedance.
* 2004-2006 [[Chevrolet Colorado]]
* 2004-2006 [[GMC Canyon]]
* 2006 [[Isuzu i-Series]]


*note the LD9 has been know to have connecting rod and connecting rod bearing problems(they tend to throw rods) when they get over 100,000 miles on them. First you will start to knock with out warning, if you do experience this problem you have time to save your engine(rebuilding it or rebuild shop) Some say to use 5w-40, 10w-40 oil, or 20w-50 racing oil to help prevent this or buy aftermarket connecting rods and bearings(which are a lot stronger)
==LLV==
The [[straight-4]] '''LLV''' engine is sold as the '''Vortec 2900''' in GM trucks. It shares the same 95.5 mm bore and {{Auto mm|102|1}} stroke as the '''LLR Vortec 3700'''.  The LLV displaces 2.9&nbsp;L {{nowrap|(2921 cc, 178 cu in)}}<ref>http://media.gm.com/us/powertrain/en/product_services/2007/Spec%20Sheet/Line%20456/2007_LLV.xls</ref> and produces 185&nbsp;hp (138&nbsp;kW) @ 5600 rpm and 195&nbsp;ft·lbf (263&nbsp;N·m) @ 2800 rpm.  Engine redline is 6300 rpm.


Applications:
It is used in the following vehicles:
* 1996-2002 [[Chevrolet Cavalier]] ''Z24 & LS''
* 2007 [[Chevrolet Colorado]]
* 1996-2002 [[ Toyota cavalier]] ''2.4Z''
* 2007 [[GMC Canyon]]
* 1996-2001 [[Pontiac Sunfire]] ''GT & SE''
* 2007 [[Isuzu i-Series]]
* 1996-2001 [[Pontiac Grand Am]]
* 1996-1998 [[Oldsmobile Achieva]]
* 1999-2001 [[Oldsmobile Alero]]
* 1997-1999 [[Chevrolet Malibu]]
* 1997-1999 [[Buick Skylark]]


==External links==
[[Category:GM engines|Atlas]]
*[http://www.Quad4Forums.com/ Quad4Forums.com]
*[http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/quadfourm/ Yahoo group QuadFourm mailing list]
 
==See also==
* [[List of GM engines]]
 
[[Category:GM engines|Quad 4]]
[[Category:Oldsmobile engines|Q]]

Latest revision as of 15:27, 3 February 2009

Atlas
ManufacturerGeneral Motors Corporation
Typestraight-4
straight-5
straight-6
Production2002 - present
PredecessorChevrolet Straight-6 engine
Displacement169-254 cu in (2770-4160 cc)

Atlas is a name for a family of modern inline piston engines for trucks from General Motors. The series debuted in 2002 with the Oldsmobile Bravada, and is also used in the Chevrolet TrailBlazer and Colorado and their GMC twins, the Envoy and Canyon. In production, the engines use GM's Vortec name, and I4, I5, and I6 engines are all part of the same family, sharing the same manufacturing equipment, rods, pistons, valves, and other parts. They feature variable valve timing on the exhaust side, electronic throttle control, and a special oil pan with a pass-through for the half shafts in four-wheel drive vehicles. The inclusion of VVT on the exhaust allows the Atlas series to meet emissions standards without the use of EGR, simplifying the engine design.

The Atlas program began in 1995 along with the planning for GM's next-generation mid-size SUVs and pickup trucks. These vehicles were designed around the I6 engine. The I6 version was used in a Baja 2000 racing truck, winning its first race in a class that also included V8 engines. Another I6-powered truck won the truck class at the Pikes Peak International Hillclimb.

The I6 Atlas engines are produced at the Flint Engine South plant in Flint, Michigan, while the I4 and I5 versions are produced at the Tonawanda Engine plant in Tonawanda, New York.

LL8

Vortec 4200 LL8 engine in a 2006 Chevrolet Traiblazer.

The LL8 (or Vortec 4200), is a straight-6 truck engine. It was the first Atlas engine, and was designed for GM's new SUV line. It displaces 4.2 L (4160 cc, 254 cu in)[1], with a 93 mm (3.7 in) bore and 102 mm (4 in) stroke. When introduced, this engine's power was 270 hp (205 kW) @ 6000 rpm and torque was 275 ft·lbf (373 N·m) @ 3600 RPM. 2003 saw a slight bump in power to 275 hp (205 kW), while torque was unchanged. For 2006, power was increased to 291 hp (217 kW) @ 6000 rpm and torque to 277 ft·lbf (376 N·m) @ 4800 rpm with the addition of a MAF and a complete internal redesign of the engine. The Atlas LL8 was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 2002 through 2005. Engine redline is 6300 rpm.

LL8 Applications:

  • 2002-2007 GMC Envoy, Envoy XL, and Envoy XUV
  • 2002-2007 Chevrolet TrailBlazer and TrailBlazer EXT
  • 2002-2004 Oldsmobile Bravada
  • Buick Rainier
  • Isuzu Ascender
  • Saab 9-7X

L52

L52
Vortec 3500 L52 engine in a 2005 GMC Canyon
Also calledVortec 3500
Typestraight-5
Bore93 mm (3.7 in)
Stroke102 mm (4 in)
Displacement3,460 cc (211 cu in)
Power output220 hp (164 kW) @ 5600 RPM
Torque output225 lb·ft (305 N·m) @ 2800 RPM

The L52 (also called Vortec 3500), is a straight-5 truck engine. It displaces 3.5 L (3,460 cc/211 cu in), with a 93 mm (3.7 in) bore and 102 mm (4 in) stroke, and shares much with the rest of the Atlas family. Dynoed at the flywheel it produces 220 hp (164 kW) @ 5600 rpm and 225 ft·lbf (305 N·m) @ 2800 rpm, while producing 179.13 hp at 6001 rpm when dynoed at the rear wheels. Engine redline is 6300 rpm.

It is used in the following vehicles:

LLR

The LLR (also called Vortec 3700), is a straight-5 truck engine. It displaces 3.7 L (3,653 cc/223 cu in), courtesy of a larger 95.5 mm (3.76 in) bore while keeping the 102 mm (4 in) stroke, and shares much with the rest of the Atlas family. It produces 242 hp (180 kW) @ 5600 rpm and 242 ft·lbf (327 N·m) @ 4600 rpm. Engine redline is 6300 rpm.

It is used in the following vehicles:

LK5

The straight-4 LK5 engine is sold as the Vortec 2800 in GM trucks. Like its Atlas brothers, the LK5 has dual overhead cams, and shares their 93 mm (3.7 in) bore and 102 mm (4 in) stroke. The LK5 displaces 2.8 L (2770 cc, 169 cu in) and produces 175 hp (131 kW) @ 5600 rpm and 185 ft·lbf (251 N·m) @ 2800 rpm.[2] Engine redline is 6300 rpm.

It is used in the following vehicles:

LLV

The straight-4 LLV engine is sold as the Vortec 2900 in GM trucks. It shares the same 95.5 mm bore and 102 mm (4 in) stroke as the LLR Vortec 3700. The LLV displaces 2.9 L (2921 cc, 178 cu in)[3] and produces 185 hp (138 kW) @ 5600 rpm and 195 ft·lbf (263 N·m) @ 2800 rpm. Engine redline is 6300 rpm.

It is used in the following vehicles:

  1. ↑ http://media.gm.com/us/powertrain/en/product_services/2007/Spec%20Sheet/Line%20456/2007_LL8.xls
  2. ↑ http://media.gm.com/us/powertrain/en/product_services/2006/Spec%20Sheets/Line%20456/2006%20Line%20I4%20Truck%20(LK5).pdf
  3. ↑ http://media.gm.com/us/powertrain/en/product_services/2007/Spec%20Sheet/Line%20456/2007_LLV.xls
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