GM Family 1 engine
The Family 1 is a straight-4 piston engine that was developed by GM-Opel Powertrain, a subsidiary of Adam Opel A.G. to replace low-displacement versions of GM Family II engine for use on subcompact cars from Opel/Vauxhall.
Ecotec
First generation, features DOHC valvetrain driven by toothed belt and a cast-iron cylinder block with aluminum cylinder head.
- 1.4 L (1389 cc) (phased out): 10.5:1(9.3:1[Latin America]) compression, 90 (60 );hp (66 kW) and 92 (52 );ft·lbf (125 N m) of torque.
- 1.6 L (1598 cc): 79 mm (3.11 in) bore, 81.5 mm (3.21 in) stroke, 10.5:1 compression, 100 hp (74 kW) and 111 ft·lbf (150 N m) of torque.
- 1.8 L (1796 cc): 80.5 mm (3.17 in) bore, 88.2 mm (3.47 in) stroke, 10.5:1 compression, 115 hp (85 kW), 122 hp (90 kW) or 125 hp (92 kW) and 123 ft·lbf (167 N m) of torque. Later versions features variable intake technology.
Family 1 Ecotec engines are used in:
- 1996-2003 Opel Tigra
- 1999-2005 Opel Zafira
- 2002 Opel Corsa
- Opel Astra
- Opel Vectra
- 2003 Saab 9-3
- 2004 Chevrolet Viva
- 2005 Opel Zafira
- 2007 Chevrolet Niva
TwinPort
Updated version introduced in 2002, with lighter cast-iron cylinder block and camshaft driven by toothed belt. Features EGR valve and TwinPort variable intake geometry - twin intake ports with a choke closing one of the ports at low RPM, providing strong air swirl pattern for higher torque levels and better fuel economy. The drive belt for the camshafts is wider and stronger than before, and water pump is not driven by it anymore which improves reliability. Turbocharged versions exist.
- 1.6 L (1598 cc): TwinPort, 79 mm (3.11 in) bore, 81.5 mm (3.21 in) stroke, 10.5:1 compression, 105 hp (77 kW) and 111 ft·lbf (150 N m) of torque.
Ecotec TwinPort Family 1 engine is used in:
- Opel Tigra
- Opel Astra
- Opel Zafira
- Opel Meriva
- Opel Corsa OPC
DCVCP
A variant of 1.8L Family 1 engine featuring Euro IV compliancy, DCVCP (Double Continuous Variable Cam Phasing technology, a variant of VVT) and integrated catalytic converter, entered production jn Spring 2005. It was based on the lighter cast-iron block, although there's no TwinPort in this version. An updated 1.6 L TwinPort engine was introcuded in 2006.
- 1.8 L (1796 cc): DCVCP, 80.5 mm (3.17 in) bore, 88.2 mm (3.47 in) stroke, 10.5:1 compression, 140 hp (103 kW) and 129 ft·lbf (175 Nm) of torque.
- 1.6 L (1598 cc): DCVCP, 79 mm (3.11 in) bore, 81.5 mm (3.21 in) stroke, 10.5:1 compression, 113 hp (84 kW).
Ecotec DCVCP engines are used in:
- 2005 Opel Zafira
- Opel Astra
- Opel Insingia
D-TEC
D-TEC was an older variant of Family 1 SOHC engine licensed by Daewoo Motors for their range of Opel-derived cars such as Daewoo Espero and Daewoo Nexia. These engines are built exclusively at Bupyeong engine plant. They feature valvetrain driven by toothed belt, in a DOHC configuration for most versions, and aluminum cylinder head.
- 1.3 L SOHC - Daewoo Lanos
- 1.5 L SOHC - Daewoo Lanos, Daewoo Nexia
- 1.6 L SOHC - Daewoo Nexia
- 1.6 L DOHC - Daewoo Nexia, Daewoo Espero, Daewoo Lanos
E-TEC II
Updated version of D-TEC. Most models feature Euro III-compliancy, and 1.4 L and 1.6 L (1598cc) DOHC versions employ variable intake geometry.
- 1.4 L SOHC - European Chevrolet Kalos/Chevrolet Aveo
- 1.5 L (1498cc) SOHC, Euro II - Asian, Middle Eastern and South African versions Chevrolet Lacetti, Chevrolet Nubira and Chevrolet Aveo, CKD kits of Aveo assembled by ZAZ
- 1.4 L (1498cc) DOHC - European Chevrolet Kalos/Chevrolet Aveo, Chevrolet Lacetti and Chevrolet Nubira
- 1.6 L (1598cc) DOHC- L91/LXT, 103 hp (77 kW) and 107 ft·lbf (145 N·m) of torque, U.S. version of Chevrolet Aveo, Canadian Pontiac Wave; European Chevrolet Lacetti and Chevrolet Nubira, Korean Daewoo Kalos and Daewoo Gentra
- 1.6 L (1598cc) DOHC VVT - LXV
Higher-displacement versions of D-TEC and E-TEC II are indeed Family II engines built by Holden.
L91
This is the 1.6 L — 1598 cc (97.5 cu in) — variant of the engines, featuring a 79 mm (3.1 in) bore and 81.5 mm (3.2 in) stroke and a compression ratio of 9.5:1. Power is 103 horsepower (77 kW) at 5800 rpm and torque is 107 lb·ft (145 N·m) at 3400 rpm.
The engine is used in
- Daewoo Kalos
- Daewoo Gentra
- Chevrolet Aveo
- Pontiac Wave
LXV
This is a 1.6 L — 1598 cc (97.5 cu in) — variant of the engines, featuring a 79 mm (3.1 in) bore and 81.5 mm (3.2 in) stroke and a compression ratio of 10.8:1. The major difference from the L91 is the addition of variable-valve-timing. Power is 106 hp (79 kW) at 6400 rpm and torque is 105 lb·ft (142 N·m) at 3800 rpm.
- Daewoo Gentra X
- Daewoo Lacetti Premium
- Chevrolet Cruze
GM do Brasil
GM do Brasil specializes on SOHC, petrol-powered and FlexPower (powered with ethanol and/or petrol, mixed in any percentage) engines.
- X10YFH - 1.0 L SOHC FlexPower - Chevrolet Celta, Chevrolet Corsa C and Chevrolet Classic (Corsa B 4 doors).
- X14YFH - 1.4 L SOHC FlexPower - Chevrolet Prisma, Chevrolet Corsa C and Chevrolet Meriva.
- X18XE - 1.8 L SOHC FlexPower - Chevrolet Corsa, Chevrolet Montana, and Chevrolet Meriva; Fiat Palio, Fiat Siena, Fiat Palio Weekend, Fiat Strada, Fiat Idea, Fiat Punto and Fiat Stilo.
GM Brasil also made 16-valve versions of the 1.0, 1.6 and 1.8-liter engines.
The 1.0 L 16v was available in the Corsa line-up from 1999 to 2001. The 1.6 L 16v was available in the Corsa GSi hatchback and the Chevrolet Corsa sedán and station wagon GLS trim. Finally, the 122-hp 1.8 16v was available in the Chevrolet Meriva and Fiat Stilo.
See also
- GM engines