Difference between revisions of "GM Quad-4 engine"

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{{Unreferenced|date=January 2008}}
The following is a '''list of GM bellhousing patterns'''.  Though [[General Motors]] has [[List of GM engines|manufactured many different engines]], it has kept variance in the [[bell housing]] patterns to a relative minimum. 


==Chevrolet V8 pattern==
So named because it began with Chevrolet's V8 engines. 
* Chevrolet [[Chevrolet_Big-Block_engine|big-block V8's]]
* Chevrolet [[Chevrolet_Small-Block_engine#350|small-block V8's]]
* GM [[GM_Vortec_engine#4300|Vortec 4300]] 90° V6
* GM [[GM_Iron_Duke_engine|Iron Duke]] RWD inline 4 (Early RWD Variants, later versions may use a FWD pattern, and have two possible starter locations)
* [[Jeep]] 2.5L/151 in³ Jeep used the GM Iron Duke inline 4 1980-1983. These use a Chrysler [[Torqueflite]] 904 automatic transmission with a Chevrolet bellhousing.
* Chevrolet Inline 6 (1963 on)
* Chevrolet 153 Inline 4 (Chevy II, pre-Iron-Duke)


The '''Quad 4''' (called '''Twin Cam''' after 1995) was a [[DOHC]] and [[SOHC]] [[straight-4]] [[automobile]] engine produced by [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]]' [[Oldsmobile]] division. It was a modern engine for the time, but was criticized for roughness as well as its longevity{{Fact|date=January 2008}}. [[Balance shaft]]s were added in 1995, also known as a transitional year from the Quad 4 to the renamed TWIN CAM variant, in 1996 2.4L (LD9) the complete engine makeover was accomplished. The name is derived from the engine's four cylinders and four valve per cylinder layout. There was a [[SOHC|single overhead camshaft]] variant that was produced for a brief time. The Quad 4 used an iron block and an aluminum head.
==GM metric pattern==
[[Image:GM_60deg_V6_bellhousing.JPG|thumb]]
:Also called the ''GM small corporate pattern''
This pattern has a distinctive odd-sided [[hexagonal]] shape.
* [[GM 60-Degree V6 engine|GM 60° V6 family]] FWD/RWD [[V6]]; 2.8/3.1/3.4 [[Liter|L]]
* [[Buick]] [[FWD]]/[[RWD]] 90° [[GM_3800_engine|3800]] V6
* [[Cadillac]] [[Cadillac_V8_engine#Aluminum_OHV|4.1/4.5/4.9]] [[Liter|L]] V8
* [[Isuzu]] 3.5L [[DOHC]] V6
* 1984-03 [[Jeep]]/[[American Motors Corporation|AMC]]/[[Chrysler]] 2.5L/150 in³ I4 found in Jeep Cherokee, Wagoneer, Comanche, and Wrangler models (except Grand Wagoneer & Grand Cherokee) and 1996-2002 [[Dodge]] Dakotas.
* Jeep/AMC 2.8L V6 (GM engine)
* GM [[GM_Iron_Duke_engine|Iron Duke]] FWD inline 4
* 1984-93 GM [[GM_Iron_Duke_engine|Iron Duke]]/Tech-4 RWD inline 4


The Quad 4 debuted in 1987 and was replaced after 2001 by the [[Ecotec]]. Quad 4 engines were produced at GM's Delta Engine Plant (Plant 5) in [[Delta Township, Michigan]]. In recent years, it has gained a minor following in hot rodding circles as a period style engine (which looks like a 1930's [[Offenhauser]] twin cam unit){{Fact|date=January 2008}}.
==Northstar pattern==
Nearly identical to the GM small corporate/metric pattern, except that the starter is located between the cylinder banks, and the lower right bolt hole is moved outward by roughly one inch.  Being nearly identical, it too has the distinctive odd-sided hexagonal shape.
* All [[Cadillac]] [[GM Premium V engine#Northstar|Northstar]] V8's
* [[Oldsmobile Aurora]] [[GM_Premium_V_engine#L47|L47]] V8
* [[Oldsmobile Intrigue]] [[GM_Premium_V_engine#LX5|LX5]] V6


==Quad OHC==
==Pre 1965 Buick and Rover V-8 Round pattern==
A [[SOHC]] variant of the Quad 4 was intended to replace the [[GM Tech IV engine|Tech IV]]. Debuting in 1992, this '''Quad OHC''' was an 8-valve engine and produced 120 hp (89 kW), 40 hp (30 kW) less than a Quad 4 from the same era. [[Torque]] was 140 ft·lbf (190 N·m).
*Buick/Oldsmobile/Pontiac 215 [[Buick_V8_engine#215|Aluminum V-8]]
*1967 through 2004 [[Rover_V8_engine|Rover V-8]] based on the GM 215


Although power and economy were better than the [[pushrod engine|pushrod]] Tech IV, the Quad OHC was retired after 1994 when the DOHC version became standard.
==Buick, Oldsmobile, Pontiac (BOP) V8 pattern==
[[Image:225_231_jeep_buick_bellhousing.JPG|thumb]]
* Post-1965 Buick/Oldsmobile/Pontiac RWD V8's
* Buick [[GM_3800_engine#Fireball_V6|pre-3800]] 90° RWD V6's
* Jeep "Dauntless" 225 in³ [[V6#Odd_and_even_firing|oddfire]] V6 (1967-1974)
* Cadillac cast iron V8s after 1967 (1968-85 [[Cadillac V8 engine#472|472 and 500]], [[Cadillac V8 engine#425|368 and 425]])
* Starters are on the left side on Olds and Pontiac and the right on Cadillac and Buicks.


==LD2==
==Cadillac V8 pattern, pre-1967==
The LD2 was the standard version of the Quad 4. The LD2 was the first incarnation of the Quad 4. It is a lower output version of the Quad 4 when compared to the LGO or High Output Quad 4. There was a transitional version of the LD2 in 1995.
Early Cadillacs manufactured before 1965 used a "round top" bellhousing much similar to early Buicks; around 1965, the bellhousing pattern was revised until the BOP bolt pattern was adopted in 1968.


==1995==
==GM 4-cylinder pattern==
For 1995, a [[balance shaft]]-equipped version of the 2.3 L version was produced. A clever arrangement ensured a constant load on the shafts: The crank drove one shaft, which drives the second, which drives the oil pump. The shafts spun at twice the engine rpm, forcing the [[redline]] to be reduced from 6800 to 6500 rpm. Output was {{convert|150|hp|abbr=on}} and {{convert|150|ft.lbf|N.m|abbr=on}}. This was the only Quad 4 family engine produced in 1995. This was known as a transitional year for the engine family.
* GM [[GM_Quad-4_engine|Quad-4]] family  


Applications:
==GM Ecotec 4-cylinder pattern==
* 1995 [[Pontiac Sunfire]] GT
* GM [[GM_Family_II_engine#Ecotec|Ecotec Family II]]
* 1995 [[Chevrolet Cavalier]] Z24
* 1995 [[Pontiac Grand Am]] SE
* 1995 [[Oldsmobile Achieva]]
 
==LG0==
The High-Output 2.3 L '''LG0''' version produced 180 hp (134 kW) from 1989 to 1992, and 175 hp (130 kW) in 1993 and 1994. Changes included more aggressive camshafts, and an extra half point of compression (from 9.5:1 to 10.0:1).
 
Applications:
* 1990-1993 [[Chevrolet Beretta]] ''GTZ''
* 1994 [[Chevrolet Beretta]] ''Z26''
* 1989-1991 [[Pontiac Grand Am]] "SE"
* 1990-1991 [[Pontiac Grand Am]] "LE"; only w/"Sport Performance Package"
* 1992-1994 [[Pontiac Grand Am]] "GT"
* 1990-1991 [[Pontiac Grand Prix]]
* 1989-1991 [[Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais]] "I-Series"
* 1990-1991 [[Oldsmobile 442#1990|Oldsmobile 442]] (full model name: "Cutlass Calais Quad 442")
* 1990-1991 [[Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme]]
* 1992-1994 [[Oldsmobile Achieva]] ''SC''
 
==W41==
The '''W41''' version was the highest-output Quad 4 at 190 hp (142 kW) in 1991 and 1992, and 185 hp (138 kW) in 1993. The additional {{convert|10|hp|abbr=on}} came from longer duration cams and a different PROM.
 
Applications:
* 1991 [[Oldsmobile 442#1990|Oldsmobile 442]]
* 1992-1993 [[Oldsmobile Achieva]] ''SCX''
 
==LD9==
The '''LD9''' '''Twin Cam''' was a {{auto Lrev|146}} Quad 4 variant with [[balance shaft]]s, debuting in 1996. Bore was decreased from {{Auto mm|92|1}} to {{Auto mm|90|1}} and stroke increased from {{Auto mm|85|1}} to 94&nbsp;mm (3.70&nbsp;in) for better torque, and power was increased to 150&nbsp;hp (112&nbsp;kW).<ref>http://media.gm.com/division/chevrolet/products/archive_prod_info/pguide/cavalier/cavspec3.htm</ref> This engine received a minor update halfway through the 1999 model year that eliminated the [[EGR]], increased the compression ratio from 9.5:1 to 9.7:1, and switched from low impedance fuel injectors to high impedance.
 
*note the LD9 has been know to have connecting rod and connecting rod bearing problems(they tend to throw rods) when they get over 100,000 miles on them. First you will start to knock with out warning, if you do experience this problem you have time to save your engine(rebuilding it or rebuild shop) Some say to use 5w-40, 10w-40 oil, or 20w-50 racing oil to help prevent this or buy aftermarket connecting rods and bearings(which are a lot stronger)
 
Applications:
* 1996-2002 [[Chevrolet Cavalier]] ''Z24 & LS''
* 1996-2002 [[ Toyota cavalier]] ''2.4Z''
* 1996-2001 [[Pontiac Sunfire]] ''GT & SE''
* 1996-2001 [[Pontiac Grand Am]]
* 1996-1998 [[Oldsmobile Achieva]]
* 1999-2001 [[Oldsmobile Alero]]
* 1997-1999 [[Chevrolet Malibu]]
* 1997-1999 [[Buick Skylark]]


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.Quad4Forums.com/ Quad4Forums.com]  
*[http://members.shaw.ca/betterthanyoutoo/bellhousing/gm_bellhousing_bolt_patterns.htm List of bellhousing patterns]
*[http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/quadfourm/ Yahoo group QuadFourm mailing list]
*[http://www.tlc4x4.com/2000/Parts/tlc_engineinfo.htm More info on GM bellhousing interchange]
 
==See also==
* [[List of GM engines]]


[[Category:GM engines|Quad 4]]
[[Category:GM engines|*]]
[[Category:Oldsmobile engines|Q]]
[[Category:General Motors transmissions]]
[[Category:Interfaces]]

Revision as of 00:46, 3 February 2009

The following is a list of GM bellhousing patterns. Though General Motors has manufactured many different engines, it has kept variance in the bell housing patterns to a relative minimum.

Chevrolet V8 pattern

So named because it began with Chevrolet's V8 engines.

  • Chevrolet big-block V8's
  • Chevrolet small-block V8's
  • GM Vortec 4300 90° V6
  • GM Iron Duke RWD inline 4 (Early RWD Variants, later versions may use a FWD pattern, and have two possible starter locations)
  • Jeep 2.5L/151 in³ Jeep used the GM Iron Duke inline 4 1980-1983. These use a Chrysler Torqueflite 904 automatic transmission with a Chevrolet bellhousing.
  • Chevrolet Inline 6 (1963 on)
  • Chevrolet 153 Inline 4 (Chevy II, pre-Iron-Duke)

GM metric pattern

GM 60deg V6 bellhousing.JPG
Also called the GM small corporate pattern

This pattern has a distinctive odd-sided hexagonal shape.

  • GM 60° V6 family FWD/RWD V6; 2.8/3.1/3.4 L
  • Buick FWD/RWD 90° 3800 V6
  • Cadillac 4.1/4.5/4.9 L V8
  • Isuzu 3.5L DOHC V6
  • 1984-03 Jeep/AMC/Chrysler 2.5L/150 in³ I4 found in Jeep Cherokee, Wagoneer, Comanche, and Wrangler models (except Grand Wagoneer & Grand Cherokee) and 1996-2002 Dodge Dakotas.
  • Jeep/AMC 2.8L V6 (GM engine)
  • GM Iron Duke FWD inline 4
  • 1984-93 GM Iron Duke/Tech-4 RWD inline 4

Northstar pattern

Nearly identical to the GM small corporate/metric pattern, except that the starter is located between the cylinder banks, and the lower right bolt hole is moved outward by roughly one inch. Being nearly identical, it too has the distinctive odd-sided hexagonal shape.

  • All Cadillac Northstar V8's
  • Oldsmobile Aurora L47 V8
  • Oldsmobile Intrigue LX5 V6

Pre 1965 Buick and Rover V-8 Round pattern

  • Buick/Oldsmobile/Pontiac 215 Aluminum V-8
  • 1967 through 2004 Rover V-8 based on the GM 215

Buick, Oldsmobile, Pontiac (BOP) V8 pattern

225 231 jeep buick bellhousing.JPG
  • Post-1965 Buick/Oldsmobile/Pontiac RWD V8's
  • Buick pre-3800 90° RWD V6's
  • Jeep "Dauntless" 225 in³ oddfire V6 (1967-1974)
  • Cadillac cast iron V8s after 1967 (1968-85 472 and 500, 368 and 425)
  • Starters are on the left side on Olds and Pontiac and the right on Cadillac and Buicks.

Cadillac V8 pattern, pre-1967

Early Cadillacs manufactured before 1965 used a "round top" bellhousing much similar to early Buicks; around 1965, the bellhousing pattern was revised until the BOP bolt pattern was adopted in 1968.

GM 4-cylinder pattern

GM Ecotec 4-cylinder pattern

External links

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