Difference between revisions of "Opel OHV engine"

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{{Infobox Automobile engine
The '''[[Opel]] OHV''' family (also known as the '''Kadett engine''' after its most-famous application) is a [[pushrod engine|pushrod]] [[straight-4]] engine.  It was developed by Opel of [[Germany]] and released in 1962. Versions were in use through 1993.
| image        =[[Image:GM_LL0_Engine.jpg|250px]]
| name          =Saturn engine
| aka          ="Single Cam" or<br>"Twin Cam"
| manufacturer  =[[General Motors]]
| type          =[[Straight-4]]
| bore          =82.0 mm (3.23")
| stroke        =90.0 mm (3.54")
| displacement =1.9 L (116 cu&nbsp;in)
| weight        =[[SOHC]]: {{convert|196.74|lb|abbr=on}}<br>[[DOHC]]: {{convert|220.22|lb|abbr=on}}
| block        =[[Aluminum]]
| head          =[[Aluminum]]
| valvetrain    =SOHC 8V (LK0/L24)<BR>DOHC 16V (LL0)
| fuelsystem    =LK0: TBI<BR>L24/LL0: MPFI
| fueltype      =Unleaded fuel, 87 octane
| oilsystem    =Pressure feed
| coolingsystem =[[Watercooled]]
| power        =LK0: 85 hp (63 kW)<BR>L24: 100 hp (75 kW)<BR>LL0: 124 hp (92 kW)
| torque        =LK0: 110 ft·lbf (149 N·m)<BR>L24: 114 ft·lbf (155 N·m)<BR>LL0: 122 ft·lbf (165 N·m)
| compression  =LK0/L24: 9.3:1<br>LL0: 9.5:1
| specpower    =LK0: 44.73 hp/L<BR>L24: 52.63 hp/L<BR>LL0: 65.26 hp/L
}}


The powerplant used in [[Saturn Corporation|Saturn]] [[Saturn S-Series|S-series]] automobiles was a [[straight-4]] aluminum piston engine produced by [[General Motors]]. The engine was only used in the Saturn S-series line of vehicles (SL, SC, SW) from 1991 through 2002.  It was available in chain-driven [[SOHC]] or [[DOHC]] variants.  
==1.0== 
[[Image:Opel OHV engine v1.0.jpg|thumb|right|Opel OHV engine v1.0]]
The first version of the engine was the '''1.0''' and placed in the [[Opel Kadett|Kadett A]] which was produced from 1962 to 1965. Displacement was 993 cc with a 72.0 mm bore and a 61.0 mm stroke. The Kadett A had two different versions of the engine, namely 1,0 N (normal compression) with 40 hp ( 29 kW) and 1,0 S (super compression) with 48 hp (35 kW).


This was an innovative engine for the time using the [[lost foam casting]] process for the engine block and cylinder head.  Saturn was one of the first to use this casting process in a full-scale high-production environment.  Both engine types used the same engine block.
This engine was retired in 1965 in favor of the '''1.1''' but revived in 1973 as a basic engine of the Kadett C. It was revived a second time in 1982 for use in the Corsa A where it performed 45 hp ( 33 kW).
 
==Engine block==


The engine utilized a water-cooled aluminum block.  The main bearing caps were made of cast iron and held in place with two bolts each.  The cylinder block bores had interference fit cast iron liners for the piston rings to sit against.  The engine block was made from 319.1 aluminum alloy and the liners were made from D5506 ductile iron.
Applications:
* 1962-1965 Opel Kadett A
* 1973-1979 Opel Kadett C
* 1982-1993 [[Opel Corsa]] A / Vauxhall Nova


===Crankshaft===
==1.1==


The crankshaft was supported by five main bearings with thrust taken at the middle bearing. 1991 and 1992 engines had a different crankshaft than 1993 and later engines. 1993 and later crankshafts had ten degrees advanced reluctor ring slots to aid in startability. 1991 to 1998 crankshafts incorporated 4 counterweights. 1999 to 2002 crankshafts incorporated 8 counterweights.
In 1965, the engine was enlarged for use in the all new Kadett B. Displacement was 1078 cc with a bore enlarged to 75.0 mm; stroke remained at 61.0 mm. The 1.1 N (normal compression) performed 45 hp (33 kW) and 50 hp (37 kW) after 1971. The 1.1 S had 55 hp (40 kW); in 1966 a special power version was introduced, the 1.1 SR with 60 hp (44 kW).
===Connecting rods and pistons===


The connecting rods were forged steel with standard type crank pin bearings. The piston pins floated in the connecting rod bushings.  The pistons were cast aluminum alloy with the piston pins being retained with snap rings.
Applications:
* 1965-1973 [[Opel Kadett]] B
===Timing chain===
* 1967-1970 [[Opel Olympia]] A
The timing chain was hydraulic tensioned and had a ratchet mechanism to keep the chain tight.  The timing chain rode on one pivoting chain guide resting on the ratchet tensioner and one fixed guide attached to the engine block and cylinder head.  The 1991 to 1998 DOHC engine had an upper timing chain guide in between the camshaft sprockets.  The timing chain was lubricated via cast-off from the top of the cylinder head and one 'squirter' on the oil pump housing.  The SOHC and DOHC engines used different timing chain sets.
* 1968-1970 [[Opel GT]] 1100


==SOHC LK0/L24==
==1.2==
The SOHC (LK0/L24) cylinder head had 8 valves and was made of lost foam cast aluminum.  The camshaft was located in the center of the cylinder head and driven by a chain off the front crankshaft sprocket.  Motion from the camshaft was transmitted to the eight valves by the hydraulic lifters and rocker arms.


The LK0 engine first used TBI (Throttle Body Injection) for fuel delivery and was rated at 85 hp (63 kW) and 110 ft·lbf (149 N·m) of torque from 1991 to 1994.
In 1971, a second enlargement made the '''1.2''' with a displacement of 1196&nbsp;cc. Bore was enlarged to 79.0&nbsp;mm and stroke was still at 61.0&nbsp;mm. Performance of the 1.2 N varied from 52 to 55 hp (38 to 40 kW); the 1.2 S constantly had 60 hp (44 kW).


The L24 engine received MPFI (Multi-Port Fuel Injection) in 1995 which increased power output to 100 hp (75 kW) and 114 ft·lbf (155 N·m).  This engine was used from 1995 to 2002.
Applications:
* 1971-1973 [[Opel Kadett]] B
* 1973-1979 [[Opel Kadett]] C
* 1979-1984 [[Opel Kadett]] D / [[Vauxhall Astra]] Mk 1
* 1984-1988 [[Opel Kadett]] E / [[Vauxhall Astra]] Mk 2
* 1970-1975 [[Opel Ascona]] A
* 1975-1979 [[Opel Ascona]] B / Vauxhall Cavalier Mk 1
* 1970-1975 [[Opel Manta]] A
* 1975-1979 [[Opel Manta]] B
* 1982-1993 [[Opel Corsa]] A / Vauxhall Nova (with catalyst 45 hp)


The SOHC engine was available on the base model S-series vehicles (SC1, SL, SL1, SW, SW1)
==See also==
* [[List of GM engines]]
==DOHC LL0==
* "Das große Kadett-Buch", Edition Heel, Königswinter, Germany
The DOHC cylinder head had 16 valves and was made of lost foam cast aluminum. The camshafts were held in the cylinder head with bearing caps and driven by a chain off the front crankshaft sprocket. Motion from the camshafts was transmitted to the 16 valves by direct-acting hydraulic lifters.
* Oswald, "Deutsche Pkw 1945-1990, Band 3: Ford, Opel, VW" Motorbuch-Verlag, Germany


All LLO engines used MPFI and were rated at 124 hp (92 kW) and 122 ft·lbf (165 N·m).  The DOHC engine was available on the upper-level model S-series vehicles (SC, SC2, SL2, SW2). A revision of the LL0 appeared in 1999 and used a roller camshaft with hydraulic lifters and rocker arms
[[Category:GM engines|Opel OHV]]
 
==Images==
[[Image:Saturn_sohc_head.jpg|left|thumb|250px|LK0/L24 head]]
[[Image:P3150306.JPG|right|thumb|180x|1991-1998 LL0 head]]
[[Image:Saturn_crankshafts.jpg|left|thumb|Crankshafts]]
[[Image:Connecting_rod.jpg|right|thumb|1991-1998 connecting rod]]
 
[[Category:GM engines|Saturn]]

Latest revision as of 18:58, 3 February 2009

The Opel OHV family (also known as the Kadett engine after its most-famous application) is a pushrod straight-4 engine. It was developed by Opel of Germany and released in 1962. Versions were in use through 1993.

1.0

Opel OHV engine v1.0

The first version of the engine was the 1.0 and placed in the Kadett A which was produced from 1962 to 1965. Displacement was 993 cc with a 72.0 mm bore and a 61.0 mm stroke. The Kadett A had two different versions of the engine, namely 1,0 N (normal compression) with 40 hp ( 29 kW) and 1,0 S (super compression) with 48 hp (35 kW).

This engine was retired in 1965 in favor of the 1.1 but revived in 1973 as a basic engine of the Kadett C. It was revived a second time in 1982 for use in the Corsa A where it performed 45 hp ( 33 kW).

Applications:

  • 1962-1965 Opel Kadett A
  • 1973-1979 Opel Kadett C
  • 1982-1993 Opel Corsa A / Vauxhall Nova

1.1

In 1965, the engine was enlarged for use in the all new Kadett B. Displacement was 1078 cc with a bore enlarged to 75.0 mm; stroke remained at 61.0 mm. The 1.1 N (normal compression) performed 45 hp (33 kW) and 50 hp (37 kW) after 1971. The 1.1 S had 55 hp (40 kW); in 1966 a special power version was introduced, the 1.1 SR with 60 hp (44 kW).

Applications:

  • 1965-1973 Opel Kadett B
  • 1967-1970 Opel Olympia A
  • 1968-1970 Opel GT 1100

1.2

In 1971, a second enlargement made the 1.2 with a displacement of 1196 cc. Bore was enlarged to 79.0 mm and stroke was still at 61.0 mm. Performance of the 1.2 N varied from 52 to 55 hp (38 to 40 kW); the 1.2 S constantly had 60 hp (44 kW).

Applications:

  • 1971-1973 Opel Kadett B
  • 1973-1979 Opel Kadett C
  • 1979-1984 Opel Kadett D / Vauxhall Astra Mk 1
  • 1984-1988 Opel Kadett E / Vauxhall Astra Mk 2
  • 1970-1975 Opel Ascona A
  • 1975-1979 Opel Ascona B / Vauxhall Cavalier Mk 1
  • 1970-1975 Opel Manta A
  • 1975-1979 Opel Manta B
  • 1982-1993 Opel Corsa A / Vauxhall Nova (with catalyst 45 hp)

See also

  • List of GM engines
  • "Das große Kadett-Buch", Edition Heel, Königswinter, Germany
  • Oswald, "Deutsche Pkw 1945-1990, Band 3: Ford, Opel, VW" Motorbuch-Verlag, Germany
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