Difference between revisions of "GM Atlas engine"
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The | The '''Quad 4''' (called '''Twin Cam''' after 1995) was a [[DOHC]] and [[SOHC]] [[straight-4]] [[automobile]] engine produced by [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]]' [[Oldsmobile]] division. It was a modern engine for the time, but was criticized for roughness as well as its longevity{{Fact|date=January 2008}}. [[Balance shaft]]s were added in 1995, also known as a transitional year from the Quad 4 to the renamed TWIN CAM variant, in 1996 2.4L (LD9) the complete engine makeover was accomplished. The name is derived from the engine's four cylinders and four valve per cylinder layout. There was a [[SOHC|single overhead camshaft]] variant that was produced for a brief time. The Quad 4 used an iron block and an aluminum head. | ||
The | The Quad 4 debuted in 1987 and was replaced after 2001 by the [[Ecotec]]. Quad 4 engines were produced at GM's Delta Engine Plant (Plant 5) in [[Delta Township, Michigan]]. In recent years, it has gained a minor following in hot rodding circles as a period style engine (which looks like a 1930's [[Offenhauser]] twin cam unit){{Fact|date=January 2008}}. | ||
== | ==Quad OHC== | ||
[[ | A [[SOHC]] variant of the Quad 4 was intended to replace the [[GM Tech IV engine|Tech IV]]. Debuting in 1992, this '''Quad OHC''' was an 8-valve engine and produced 120 hp (89 kW), 40 hp (30 kW) less than a Quad 4 from the same era. [[Torque]] was 140 ft·lbf (190 N·m). | ||
Although power and economy were better than the [[pushrod engine|pushrod]] Tech IV, the Quad OHC was retired after 1994 when the DOHC version became standard. | |||
== | ==LD2== | ||
The LD2 was the standard version of the Quad 4. The LD2 was the first incarnation of the Quad 4. It is a lower output version of the Quad 4 when compared to the LGO or High Output Quad 4. There was a transitional version of the LD2 in 1995. | |||
==1995== | |||
For 1995, a [[balance shaft]]-equipped version of the 2.3 L version was produced. A clever arrangement ensured a constant load on the shafts: The crank drove one shaft, which drives the second, which drives the oil pump. The shafts spun at twice the engine rpm, forcing the [[redline]] to be reduced from 6800 to 6500 rpm. Output was {{convert|150|hp|abbr=on}} and {{convert|150|ft.lbf|N.m|abbr=on}}. This was the only Quad 4 family engine produced in 1995. This was known as a transitional year for the engine family. | |||
Applications: | |||
* 1995 [[Pontiac Sunfire]] GT | |||
* 1995 [[Chevrolet Cavalier]] Z24 | |||
* 1995 [[Pontiac Grand Am]] SE | |||
* 1995 [[Oldsmobile Achieva]] | |||
==LG0== | |||
The High-Output 2.3 L '''LG0''' version produced 180 hp (134 kW) from 1989 to 1992, and 175 hp (130 kW) in 1993 and 1994. Changes included more aggressive camshafts, and an extra half point of compression (from 9.5:1 to 10.0:1). | |||
Applications: | |||
* 1990-1993 [[Chevrolet Beretta]] ''GTZ'' | |||
* 1994 [[Chevrolet Beretta]] ''Z26'' | |||
* 1989-1991 [[Pontiac Grand Am]] "SE" | |||
* 1990-1991 [[Pontiac Grand Am]] "LE"; only w/"Sport Performance Package" | |||
* 1992-1994 [[Pontiac Grand Am]] "GT" | |||
* 1990-1991 [[Pontiac Grand Prix]] | |||
* 1989-1991 [[Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais]] "I-Series" | |||
* 1990-1991 [[Oldsmobile 442#1990|Oldsmobile 442]] (full model name: "Cutlass Calais Quad 442") | |||
* 1990-1991 [[Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme]] | |||
* 1992-1994 [[Oldsmobile Achieva]] ''SC'' | |||
==W41== | |||
The '''W41''' version was the highest-output Quad 4 at 190 hp (142 kW) in 1991 and 1992, and 185 hp (138 kW) in 1993. The additional {{convert|10|hp|abbr=on}} came from longer duration cams and a different PROM. | |||
Applications: | |||
* 1991 [[Oldsmobile 442#1990|Oldsmobile 442]] | |||
* 1992-1993 [[Oldsmobile Achieva]] ''SCX'' | |||
==LD9== | |||
The '''LD9''' '''Twin Cam''' was a {{auto Lrev|146}} Quad 4 variant with [[balance shaft]]s, debuting in 1996. Bore was decreased from {{Auto mm|92|1}} to {{Auto mm|90|1}} and stroke increased from {{Auto mm|85|1}} to 94 mm (3.70 in) for better torque, and power was increased to 150 hp (112 kW).<ref>http://media.gm.com/division/chevrolet/products/archive_prod_info/pguide/cavalier/cavspec3.htm</ref> This engine received a minor update halfway through the 1999 model year that eliminated the [[EGR]], increased the compression ratio from 9.5:1 to 9.7:1, and switched from low impedance fuel injectors to high impedance. | |||
*note the LD9 has been know to have connecting rod and connecting rod bearing problems(they tend to throw rods) when they get over 100,000 miles on them. First you will start to knock with out warning, if you do experience this problem you have time to save your engine(rebuilding it or rebuild shop) Some say to use 5w-40, 10w-40 oil, or 20w-50 racing oil to help prevent this or buy aftermarket connecting rods and bearings(which are a lot stronger) | |||
Applications: | |||
* | * 1996-2002 [[Chevrolet Cavalier]] ''Z24 & LS'' | ||
* | * 1996-2002 [[ Toyota cavalier]] ''2.4Z'' | ||
* | * 1996-2001 [[Pontiac Sunfire]] ''GT & SE'' | ||
* 1996-2001 [[Pontiac Grand Am]] | |||
* 1996-1998 [[Oldsmobile Achieva]] | |||
* 1999-2001 [[Oldsmobile Alero]] | |||
* 1997-1999 [[Chevrolet Malibu]] | |||
* 1997-1999 [[Buick Skylark]] | |||
[[Category:GM engines| | ==External links== | ||
*[http://www.Quad4Forums.com/ Quad4Forums.com] | |||
*[http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/quadfourm/ Yahoo group QuadFourm mailing list] | |||
==See also== | |||
* [[List of GM engines]] | |||
[[Category:GM engines|Quad 4]] | |||
[[Category:Oldsmobile engines|Q]] |
Revision as of 00:27, 3 February 2009
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This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (January 2008) |
The Quad 4 (called Twin Cam after 1995) was a DOHC and SOHC straight-4 automobile engine produced by General Motors' Oldsmobile division. It was a modern engine for the time, but was criticized for roughness as well as its longevity[citation needed]. Balance shafts were added in 1995, also known as a transitional year from the Quad 4 to the renamed TWIN CAM variant, in 1996 2.4L (LD9) the complete engine makeover was accomplished. The name is derived from the engine's four cylinders and four valve per cylinder layout. There was a single overhead camshaft variant that was produced for a brief time. The Quad 4 used an iron block and an aluminum head.
The Quad 4 debuted in 1987 and was replaced after 2001 by the Ecotec. Quad 4 engines were produced at GM's Delta Engine Plant (Plant 5) in Delta Township, Michigan. In recent years, it has gained a minor following in hot rodding circles as a period style engine (which looks like a 1930's Offenhauser twin cam unit)[citation needed].
Quad OHC
A SOHC variant of the Quad 4 was intended to replace the Tech IV. Debuting in 1992, this Quad OHC was an 8-valve engine and produced 120 hp (89 kW), 40 hp (30 kW) less than a Quad 4 from the same era. Torque was 140 ft·lbf (190 N·m).
Although power and economy were better than the pushrod Tech IV, the Quad OHC was retired after 1994 when the DOHC version became standard.
LD2
The LD2 was the standard version of the Quad 4. The LD2 was the first incarnation of the Quad 4. It is a lower output version of the Quad 4 when compared to the LGO or High Output Quad 4. There was a transitional version of the LD2 in 1995.
1995
For 1995, a balance shaft-equipped version of the 2.3 L version was produced. A clever arrangement ensured a constant load on the shafts: The crank drove one shaft, which drives the second, which drives the oil pump. The shafts spun at twice the engine rpm, forcing the redline to be reduced from 6800 to 6500 rpm. Output was 150 hp (110 kW) and 150 ft·lbf (200 N·m). This was the only Quad 4 family engine produced in 1995. This was known as a transitional year for the engine family.
Applications:
- 1995 Pontiac Sunfire GT
- 1995 Chevrolet Cavalier Z24
- 1995 Pontiac Grand Am SE
- 1995 Oldsmobile Achieva
LG0
The High-Output 2.3 L LG0 version produced 180 hp (134 kW) from 1989 to 1992, and 175 hp (130 kW) in 1993 and 1994. Changes included more aggressive camshafts, and an extra half point of compression (from 9.5:1 to 10.0:1).
Applications:
- 1990-1993 Chevrolet Beretta GTZ
- 1994 Chevrolet Beretta Z26
- 1989-1991 Pontiac Grand Am "SE"
- 1990-1991 Pontiac Grand Am "LE"; only w/"Sport Performance Package"
- 1992-1994 Pontiac Grand Am "GT"
- 1990-1991 Pontiac Grand Prix
- 1989-1991 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais "I-Series"
- 1990-1991 Oldsmobile 442 (full model name: "Cutlass Calais Quad 442")
- 1990-1991 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme
- 1992-1994 Oldsmobile Achieva SC
W41
The W41 version was the highest-output Quad 4 at 190 hp (142 kW) in 1991 and 1992, and 185 hp (138 kW) in 1993. The additional 10 hp (7.5 kW) came from longer duration cams and a different PROM.
Applications:
- 1991 Oldsmobile 442
- 1992-1993 Oldsmobile Achieva SCX
LD9
The LD9 Twin Cam was a 2.4 L (146 cu in) Quad 4 variant with balance shafts, debuting in 1996. Bore was decreased from 92 mm (3.6 in) to 90 mm (3.5 in) and stroke increased from 85 mm (3.3 in) to 94 mm (3.70 in) for better torque, and power was increased to 150 hp (112 kW).[1] This engine received a minor update halfway through the 1999 model year that eliminated the EGR, increased the compression ratio from 9.5:1 to 9.7:1, and switched from low impedance fuel injectors to high impedance.
- note the LD9 has been know to have connecting rod and connecting rod bearing problems(they tend to throw rods) when they get over 100,000 miles on them. First you will start to knock with out warning, if you do experience this problem you have time to save your engine(rebuilding it or rebuild shop) Some say to use 5w-40, 10w-40 oil, or 20w-50 racing oil to help prevent this or buy aftermarket connecting rods and bearings(which are a lot stronger)
Applications:
- 1996-2002 Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 & LS
- 1996-2002 Toyota cavalier 2.4Z
- 1996-2001 Pontiac Sunfire GT & SE
- 1996-2001 Pontiac Grand Am
- 1996-1998 Oldsmobile Achieva
- 1999-2001 Oldsmobile Alero
- 1997-1999 Chevrolet Malibu
- 1997-1999 Buick Skylark
External links
See also
- Articles lacking sources from January 2008
- All articles lacking sources
- Articles with invalid date parameter in template
- All articles with unsourced statements
- Articles with unsourced statements since January 2008
- GM engines
- Oldsmobile engines