Difference between revisions of "GM 54-Degree V6 engine"

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[[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]] produced an [[overhead valve]] [[straight-4]] engine for the [[GM J platform|J-body]] [[compact car]]s and [[Chevrolet S-10|S-series]] [[truck]]s. Displacement ranged from 1.8 L to 2.2 L with [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] 1.8 and 2.0 L versions offered as well. The final version was known as the '''2200''', and lived on as the [[GM Vortec engine|Vortec 2200]], though the earlier models were never even named. The line was eventually replaced by the [[GM Quad-4 engine|Quad-4]] and [[GM Family II engine#Ecotec|Ecotec Family II]] in the late 1990s.
{{Unreferenced|date=June 2008}}
{{Infobox Automobile engine
|name=54° V6
|aka=Ellesmere V6
|manufacturer=[[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]]
|production=1994–2004
|predecessor=[[Opel Straight-6 engine|Opel Straight-6]]
|successor=[[GM High Feature engine|High Feature V6]]
|class=[[DOHC]] 54° [[Multi-valve|24-valve]] [[V6 engine|V6]]
|similar=[[Chrysler LH engine|Chrysler LH V6]]<br>[[Mazda K engine]]<br>[[Nissan VQ engine]]<br>[[Nissan VE engine]]<br>[[Suzuki H engine]]<br>[[Toyota VZ engine]]
}}
[[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]]' [[Opel]] division in Europe designed a compact [[V6]] engine with an odd 54° vee angle. It was an iron block/aluminum head [[DOHC]] design with 4 valves per cylinder. All 54° engines are assembled at [[Ellesmere Port]] in [[England]].


==1.8L OHV==
This engine was used in the American versions of these models as well. The engine was reworked substantially between the 3.0&nbsp;L L81 and 3.2&nbsp;L LA3, but the bore centers and deck height were retained. In its 3.0 L form, this engine has a notable history for recalls of all units installed in U.S. Cadillac Cateras due to problems with timing belt tensioner bearing failures, which could cause catatrophic damage to the engine with its interference design.
The 1.8L was the first version, introduced in 1982. It utilized a pushrod design and a two barrel Rochester E2SE [[carburetor]] and made {{convert|88|hp}}. This engine was only used in 1982. For later years it was enlarged to 2.0 liters by increasing the stroke. This improved low speed acceleration, which was sluggish in the 1982 J body cars with the 1.8L engine.


==1.8L SOHC==
==L81 3.0==
In 1983, a SOHC engine was also available with throttle body injection and {{convert|84|hp}}. The SOHC was not used in the Chevrolet Cavalier. 1.8 A turbocharged variant was added in 1984, using multi-port fuel injection. Making {{convert|150|hp}}, it had more power than many V6s of the time. The 1.8L SOHC engine was discontinued after 1986.
The '''L81''' was used [[longitudinal engine|longitudinal]]ly in the [[Opel Omega]], [[Cadillac Catera]] and [[transverse engine|transverse]]ly in the [[Saturn L-Series]], [[Saturn Vue]] and [[Saab 9000]]. Bore and stroke were 86&nbsp;mm (3.38&nbsp;in) × 85&nbsp;mm (3.35&nbsp;in), for 2962&nbsp;cc (180.75&nbsp;cu&nbsp;in) displacement. with 10.8:1 compression, the engine produced between {{Convert|182|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} and {{Convert|208|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} with {{auto ftlbf|190}} to {{auto ftlbf|199}}.


==2.0L OHV==
Saab's [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] version for [[Saab 9-5]] (the X30) produced {{Convert|200|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 5000&nbsp;rpm and {{auto ftlbf|229}} at 2500-4000&nbsp;rpm. [[Saab Automobile|Saab]] equipped the engine with special version of [[Saab Direct Ignition]].
A 2.0L version was introduced as an option in 1982 for the [[Pontiac J2000]] and Chevrolet Cavalier. Also using a two barrel carburetor, it made {{convert|88|hp}}. A throttle body injected version replaced the carbureted version for 1983, making 2 less horsepower than the previous version, but in turn produced better fuel mileage and emission control, and was now exclusively offered in the Cavalier. By the time it was discontinued after 1989, it produced {{convert|90|hp}}.  


==2.0L SOHC==
This engine was used in:
The 2.0L SOHC replaced the 1.8L engine for 1987, retaining its throttle body injection. Horsepower was up to 96 (from 84 with the 1.8), and the engine was still used in all J body models save the Cavalier (which used the 2.0L OHV version) and the [[Cadillac Cimarron]] (which featured a standard V6 engine). A turbo version with multi-port fuel injection producing 165 hp (up from 150 with the 1.8) and {{convert|175|ft.lbf|N.m|abbr=on}} of torque was available in the [[Pontiac Grand Am]] from 1987 to 1989 and [[Pontiac Sunbird]] from 1987 to 1990. The throttle-body injected version was replaced by multi-port injection for 1992, with horsepower up to 110. The 2.0L was discontinued for 1995, replaced by Chevy's 2200.
* 1994 [[Opel Omega]]
* 1996-1999 [[Opel Sintra]]
* 1997-2001 [[Cadillac Catera]]
* 2000-05 [[Saturn L-Series]]
* 2002-03 [[Saturn Vue]]
* [[Saab 9-5]]
* [[Saab 9000]]


==2200==
==2.5==
The 2.2&nbsp;L version was revised in 1992 as the '''2200''' with multiport [[fuel injection]], a new [[intake manifold]], and larger valves pushed by a revised [[camshaft]]. This version increased power to 110&nbsp;hp (82&nbsp;kW) with {{Auto ft.lbf|130|0}} of torque, and allowed the idle rate to drop to just 600&nbsp;rpm.  Incremental improvements in engine power were made until the end of its life,  with output reaching {{Convert|115|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} when it was last used in 2002. This engine has a displacement of 2189 cc or 134 cu in.
[[Saab Automobile|Saab]] used a 2.5&nbsp;L version of this engine in the [[Saab 900 (NG)]] from 1994 and [[Opel]] used it in many different models. It produced {{Convert|170|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} and {{auto ftlbf|167}}.


==See also==
This engine was used in:
* [[List of GM engines]]
* Opel Vectra A
* Opel Vectra B
* Opel Calibra
* Opel Omega B
* Saab 900 NG


[[Category:GM engines|1.8L]]
 
==2.6==
 
This engine was used in:
 
* Opel Omega B
* Opel Vectra B<br />
 
==LA3 3.2==
The 3.2&nbsp;L '''LA3''' is a complete redesign of the L81 for the [[Cadillac CTS]] and [[Opel Omega]] B. It had an iron block and used aluminum [[DOHC]] heads with fixed (non-variable) valve timing, and a [[VLIM|variable intake]]. The bore was 87.5&nbsp;mm and it had an {{Auto mm|88|1}} stroke. This was a 3175cc (194&nbsp;cu&nbsp;in) engine and produced {{Convert|220|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} and {{auto ftlbf|218}}. Production started in July 2001, but the engine was replaced by the new [[GM High Feature engine]] starting in 2004.
 
This engine was used in:
* 2003-2004 [[Cadillac CTS]]
* Opel Omega B
* Opel Vectra C
* Opel Signum
 
== See also ==
[[X25XE|X25XE/X30XE]] - detailed information about 2.5 and 3.0 motors
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
 
[[Category:GM engines|54-Degree V6]]
 
[[it:GM V6-54 Gradi]]
[[ja:GM・54度V6エンジン]]

Revision as of 15:28, 3 February 2009

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This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (June 2008)
54° V6
ManufacturerGeneral Motors
Also calledEllesmere V6
Production1994–2004
PredecessorOpel Straight-6
SuccessorHigh Feature V6

General Motors' Opel division in Europe designed a compact V6 engine with an odd 54° vee angle. It was an iron block/aluminum head DOHC design with 4 valves per cylinder. All 54° engines are assembled at Ellesmere Port in England.

This engine was used in the American versions of these models as well. The engine was reworked substantially between the 3.0 L L81 and 3.2 L LA3, but the bore centers and deck height were retained. In its 3.0 L form, this engine has a notable history for recalls of all units installed in U.S. Cadillac Cateras due to problems with timing belt tensioner bearing failures, which could cause catatrophic damage to the engine with its interference design.

L81 3.0

The L81 was used longitudinally in the Opel Omega, Cadillac Catera and transversely in the Saturn L-Series, Saturn Vue and Saab 9000. Bore and stroke were 86 mm (3.38 in) × 85 mm (3.35 in), for 2962 cc (180.75 cu in) displacement. with 10.8:1 compression, the engine produced between 182 hp (136 kW) and 208 hp (155 kW) with 190 lb·ft (258 N·m) to 199 lb·ft (270 N·m).

Saab's turbocharged version for Saab 9-5 (the X30) produced 200 hp (149 kW) at 5000 rpm and 229 lb·ft (310 N·m) at 2500-4000 rpm. Saab equipped the engine with special version of Saab Direct Ignition.

This engine was used in:

  • 1994 Opel Omega
  • 1996-1999 Opel Sintra
  • 1997-2001 Cadillac Catera
  • 2000-05 Saturn L-Series
  • 2002-03 Saturn Vue
  • Saab 9-5
  • Saab 9000

2.5

Saab used a 2.5 L version of this engine in the Saab 900 (NG) from 1994 and Opel used it in many different models. It produced 170 hp (127 kW) and 167 lb·ft (226 N·m).

This engine was used in:

  • Opel Vectra A
  • Opel Vectra B
  • Opel Calibra
  • Opel Omega B
  • Saab 900 NG


2.6

This engine was used in:

  • Opel Omega B
  • Opel Vectra B

LA3 3.2

The 3.2 L LA3 is a complete redesign of the L81 for the Cadillac CTS and Opel Omega B. It had an iron block and used aluminum DOHC heads with fixed (non-variable) valve timing, and a variable intake. The bore was 87.5 mm and it had an 88 mm (3.5 in) stroke. This was a 3175cc (194 cu in) engine and produced 220 hp (164 kW) and 218 lb·ft (296 N·m). Production started in July 2001, but the engine was replaced by the new GM High Feature engine starting in 2004.

This engine was used in:

  • 2003-2004 Cadillac CTS
  • Opel Omega B
  • Opel Vectra C
  • Opel Signum

See also

X25XE/X30XE - detailed information about 2.5 and 3.0 motors

References

it:GM V6-54 Gradi ja:GM・54度V6エンジン

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