Difference between revisions of "GM Atlas engine"

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(→‎L52: grammar/sentencing - delete repetition; moved "redline" sentence - consistency with other sections)
 
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{{Infobox Automobile engine
{{Unreferenced|date=January 2008}}
| image =  
| name = Atlas
| aka =
| manufacturer = [[General Motors Corporation]]
| type = [[straight-4]]<br>[[straight-5]]<br>[[straight-6]]
| production = 2002 - present
| predecessor = [[Chevrolet Straight-6 engine]]
| successor =
| bore =
| stroke =
| displacement = 169-254&nbsp;cu&nbsp;in (2770-4160&nbsp;cc)
| length =
| diameter =
| width =
| height =
| weight =
| block =
| head =
| valvetrain =
| supercharger =
| turbocharger =
| fuelsystem =
| fueltype =
| oilsystem =
| coolingsystem =
| power =
| specpower =
| torque =
| compression =
| fuelcon =
| specfuelcon =
| oilcon =
| similar =
}}


'''Atlas''' is a name for a family of modern [[straight engine|inline]] [[piston engine]]s for [[truck]]s from [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]]. The series debuted in 2002 with the [[Oldsmobile Bravada]], and is also used in the [[Chevrolet TrailBlazer]] and [[Chevrolet Colorado|Colorado]] and their [[GMC (General Motors division)|GMC]] twins, the [[GMC Envoy|Envoy]] and [[GMC Canyon|Canyon]]. In production, the engines use GM's [[GM Vortec engine|Vortec]] name, and [[Straight-4|I4]], [[Straight-5|I5]], and [[Straight-6|I6]] engines are all part of the same family, sharing the same manufacturing equipment, rods, pistons, valves, and other parts. They feature [[variable valve timing]] on the [[exhaust manifold|exhaust]] side, [[electronic throttle control]], and a special oil pan with a pass-through for the [[half shaft]]s in [[four-wheel drive]] vehicles.  The inclusion of VVT on the exhaust allows the Atlas series to meet emissions standards without the use of [[EGR]], simplifying the engine design.


The Atlas program began in 1995 along with the planning for GM's next-generation mid-size [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]]s and [[pickup truck]]s. These vehicles were designed around the I6 engine. The I6 version was used in a [[Baja 1000|Baja 2000]] racing truck, winning its first race in a class that also included [[V8]] engines. Another I6-powered truck won the truck class at the [[Pikes Peak International Hillclimb]].
The '''Quad 4''' (called '''Twin Cam''' after 1995) was a [[DOHC]] and [[SOHC]] [[straight-4]] [[automobile]] engine produced by [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]]' [[Oldsmobile]] division. It was a modern engine for the time, but was criticized for roughness as well as its longevity{{Fact|date=January 2008}}. [[Balance shaft]]s were added in 1995, also known as a transitional year from the Quad 4 to the renamed TWIN CAM variant,  in 1996 2.4L (LD9) the complete engine makeover was accomplished. The name is derived from the engine's four cylinders and four valve per cylinder layout. There was a [[SOHC|single overhead camshaft]] variant that was produced for a brief time. The Quad 4 used an iron block and an aluminum head.


The I6 Atlas engines are produced at the [[Flint Engine South]] plant in [[Flint, Michigan]], while the I4 and I5 versions are produced at the Tonawanda Engine plant in [[Tonawanda, New York]].
The Quad 4 debuted in 1987 and was replaced after 2001 by the [[Ecotec]]. Quad 4 engines were produced at GM's Delta Engine Plant (Plant 5) in [[Delta Township, Michigan]]. In recent years, it has gained a minor following in hot rodding circles as a period style engine (which looks like a 1930's [[Offenhauser]] twin cam unit){{Fact|date=January 2008}}.  


==LL8==
==Quad OHC==
[[Image:LL8.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Vortec 4200 LL8 engine in a 2006 Chevrolet Traiblazer.]]
A [[SOHC]] variant of the Quad 4 was intended to replace the [[GM Tech IV engine|Tech IV]]. Debuting in 1992, this '''Quad OHC''' was an 8-valve engine and produced 120&nbsp;hp (89&nbsp;kW), 40&nbsp;hp (30&nbsp;kW) less than a Quad 4 from the same era. [[Torque]] was 140&nbsp;ft·lbf (190&nbsp;N·m).
The '''LL8''' (or '''Vortec 4200'''), is a [[straight-6]] [[truck]] engine. It was the first Atlas engine, and was designed for GM's new SUV line. It displaces 4.2 L {{nowrap|(4160 cc, 254 cu in)}}<ref>http://media.gm.com/us/powertrain/en/product_services/2007/Spec%20Sheet/Line%20456/2007_LL8.xls</ref>, with a {{Auto mm|93|1}} bore and {{Auto mm|102|1}} stroke.  When introduced, this engine's power was 270&nbsp;hp (205&nbsp;kW) @ 6000 rpm and torque was 275&nbsp;ft·lbf (373&nbsp;N·m) @ 3600 RPM. 2003 saw a slight bump in power to {{convert|275|hp|abbr=on}}, while torque was unchanged. For 2006, power was increased to 291&nbsp;hp (217&nbsp;kW) @ 6000 rpm and torque to 277&nbsp;ft·lbf (376&nbsp;N·m) @ 4800 rpm with the addition of a [[Mass_flow_sensor#Hot_wire_sensor_.28MAF.29|MAF]] and a complete internal redesign of the engine. The Atlas LL8 was on the [[Ward's 10 Best Engines]] list for 2002 through 2005.  Engine redline is 6300 rpm.


LL8 Applications:
Although power and economy were better than the [[pushrod engine|pushrod]] Tech IV, the Quad OHC was retired after 1994 when the DOHC version became standard.
* 2002-2007 [[GMC Envoy]], ''Envoy XL'', and ''Envoy XUV''
* 2002-2007 [[Chevrolet TrailBlazer]] and ''TrailBlazer EXT''
* 2002-2004 [[Oldsmobile Bravada]]
* [[Buick Rainier]]
* [[Isuzu Ascender]]
* [[Saab 9-7X]]


==L52==
==LD2==
{{Infobox Automobile engine generation
The LD2 was the standard version of the Quad 4. The LD2 was the first incarnation of the Quad 4. It is a lower output version of the Quad 4 when compared to the LGO or High Output Quad 4. There was a transitional version of the LD2 in 1995.
| image        = [[Image:GMC_Canyon_Vortec_3500_engine.jpg|250px|Vortec 3500 L52 engine in a 2005 [[GMC Canyon]]]]
| name          = L52
| aka          = Vortec 3500
| type          = [[straight-5]]
| production    =
| predecessor  =
| successor    =
| bore          = {{Auto mm|93}}
| stroke        = {{Auto mm|102}}
| displacement  = {{convert|3460|cc|CID|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| length        =
| diameter      =
| width        =
| height        =
| weight        =
| block        =
| head          =
| valvetrain    =
| supercharger  =
| turbocharger  =
| fuelsystem    =
| fueltype      =
| oilsystem    =
| coolingsystem =
| power        = {{Convert|220|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} @ 5600 [[Revolutions per minute|RPM]]
| specpower    =
| torque        = {{Auto ftlbf|225}} @ 2800 [[Revolutions per minute|RPM]]
| compression  =
| fuelcon      =
| specfuelcon  =
| oilcon        =
| similar      =
}}


The '''L52''' (also called '''Vortec 3500'''), is a [[straight-5]] [[truck]] engine. It displaces 3.5&nbsp;L ({{convert|3460|cc|CID|abbr=on|disp=s}}), with a {{Auto mm|93|1}} bore and {{Auto mm|102|1}} stroke, and shares much with the rest of the Atlas family. Dynoed at the flywheel it produces 220&nbsp;hp (164&nbsp;kW) @ 5600 rpm and 225&nbsp;ft·lbf (305&nbsp;N·m) @ 2800 rpm, while producing 179.13 hp at 6001 rpm when dynoed at the rear wheels. Engine redline is 6300 rpm.  
==1995==
For 1995, a [[balance shaft]]-equipped version of the 2.3&nbsp;L version was produced. A clever arrangement ensured a constant load on the shafts: The crank drove one shaft, which drives the second, which drives the oil pump. The shafts spun at twice the engine&nbsp;rpm, forcing the [[redline]] to be reduced from 6800 to 6500&nbsp;rpm. Output was {{convert|150|hp|abbr=on}} and {{convert|150|ft.lbf|N.m|abbr=on}}. This was the only Quad 4 family engine produced in 1995. This was known as a transitional year for the engine family.


It is used in the following vehicles:
Applications:
* 1995 [[Pontiac Sunfire]] GT
* 1995 [[Chevrolet Cavalier]] Z24
* 1995 [[Pontiac Grand Am]] SE
* 1995 [[Oldsmobile Achieva]]


* 2002 [[Chevrolet Bel Air]] concept
==LG0==
* 2004-2006 [[Chevrolet Colorado]]
The High-Output 2.3 L '''LG0''' version produced 180 hp (134 kW) from 1989 to 1992, and 175 hp (130 kW) in 1993 and 1994. Changes included more aggressive camshafts, and an extra half point of compression (from 9.5:1 to 10.0:1).
* 2004-2006 [[GMC Canyon]]
* 2006 [[Isuzu i-Series]]
* 2006 [[Hummer H3]]


==LLR==
Applications:
The '''LLR''' (also called '''Vortec 3700'''), is a [[straight-5]] [[truck]] engine. It displaces 3.7&nbsp;L ({{convert|3653|cc|CID|0|abbr=on|disp=s}}), courtesy of a larger {{convert|95.5|mm|in|abbr=on}} bore while keeping the {{Auto mm|102|1}} stroke, and shares much with the rest of the Atlas family. It produces 242&nbsp;hp (180&nbsp;kW) @ 5600 rpm and 242&nbsp;ft·lbf (327&nbsp;N·m) @ 4600 rpm.  Engine redline is 6300 rpm.
* 1990-1993 [[Chevrolet Beretta]] ''GTZ''
* 1994 [[Chevrolet Beretta]] ''Z26''
* 1989-1991 [[Pontiac Grand Am]] "SE"
* 1990-1991 [[Pontiac Grand Am]] "LE"; only w/"Sport Performance Package"
* 1992-1994 [[Pontiac Grand Am]] "GT"
* 1990-1991 [[Pontiac Grand Prix]]
* 1989-1991 [[Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais]] "I-Series"
* 1990-1991 [[Oldsmobile 442#1990|Oldsmobile 442]] (full model name: "Cutlass Calais Quad 442")
* 1990-1991 [[Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme]]
* 1992-1994 [[Oldsmobile Achieva]] ''SC''


It is used in the following vehicles:
==W41==
* 2007 [[Chevrolet Colorado]]
The '''W41''' version was the highest-output Quad 4 at 190&nbsp;hp (142&nbsp;kW) in 1991 and 1992, and 185&nbsp;hp (138&nbsp;kW) in 1993. The additional {{convert|10|hp|abbr=on}} came from longer duration cams and a different PROM.
* 2007 [[GMC Canyon]]
* 2007 [[Isuzu i-Series]]
* 2007 [[Hummer H3]]


==LK5==
Applications:
The [[straight-4]] '''LK5''' engine is sold as the '''Vortec 2800''' in GM trucks. Like its Atlas brothers, the LK5 has [[dual overhead cam]]s, and shares their {{Auto mm|93|1}} bore and {{Auto mm|102|1}} stroke. The LK5 displaces 2.8&nbsp;L {{nowrap|(2770&nbsp;cc, 169 cu in)}} and produces 175&nbsp;hp (131&nbsp;kW) @ 5600 rpm and 185&nbsp;ft·lbf (251&nbsp;N·m) @ 2800 rpm.<ref>http://media.gm.com/us/powertrain/en/product_services/2006/Spec%20Sheets/Line%20456/2006%20Line%20I4%20Truck%20(LK5).pdf</ref>  Engine redline is 6300 rpm.
* 1991 [[Oldsmobile 442#1990|Oldsmobile 442]]
* 1992-1993 [[Oldsmobile Achieva]] ''SCX''


It is used in the following vehicles:
==LD9==
* 2004-2006 [[Chevrolet Colorado]]
The '''LD9''' '''Twin Cam''' was a {{auto Lrev|146}} Quad 4 variant with [[balance shaft]]s, debuting in 1996. Bore was decreased from {{Auto mm|92|1}} to {{Auto mm|90|1}} and stroke increased from {{Auto mm|85|1}} to 94&nbsp;mm (3.70&nbsp;in) for better torque, and power was increased to 150&nbsp;hp (112&nbsp;kW).<ref>http://media.gm.com/division/chevrolet/products/archive_prod_info/pguide/cavalier/cavspec3.htm</ref> This engine received a minor update halfway through the 1999 model year that eliminated the [[EGR]], increased the compression ratio from 9.5:1 to 9.7:1, and switched from low impedance fuel injectors to high impedance.
* 2004-2006 [[GMC Canyon]]
* 2006 [[Isuzu i-Series]]


==LLV==
*note the LD9 has been know to have connecting rod and connecting rod bearing problems(they tend to throw rods) when they get over 100,000 miles on them. First you will start to knock with out warning, if you do experience this problem you have time to save your engine(rebuilding it or rebuild shop) Some say to use 5w-40, 10w-40 oil, or 20w-50 racing oil to help prevent this or buy aftermarket connecting rods and bearings(which are a lot stronger)
The [[straight-4]] '''LLV''' engine is sold as the '''Vortec 2900''' in GM trucks. It shares the same 95.5 mm bore and {{Auto mm|102|1}} stroke as the '''LLR Vortec 3700'''.  The LLV displaces 2.9&nbsp;L {{nowrap|(2921 cc, 178 cu in)}}<ref>http://media.gm.com/us/powertrain/en/product_services/2007/Spec%20Sheet/Line%20456/2007_LLV.xls</ref> and produces 185&nbsp;hp (138&nbsp;kW) @ 5600 rpm and 195&nbsp;ft·lbf (263&nbsp;N·m) @ 2800 rpm.  Engine redline is 6300 rpm.


It is used in the following vehicles:
Applications:
* 2007 [[Chevrolet Colorado]]
* 1996-2002 [[Chevrolet Cavalier]] ''Z24 & LS''
* 2007 [[GMC Canyon]]
* 1996-2002 [[ Toyota cavalier]] ''2.4Z''
* 2007 [[Isuzu i-Series]]
* 1996-2001 [[Pontiac Sunfire]] ''GT & SE''
* 1996-2001 [[Pontiac Grand Am]]
* 1996-1998 [[Oldsmobile Achieva]]
* 1999-2001 [[Oldsmobile Alero]]
* 1997-1999 [[Chevrolet Malibu]]
* 1997-1999 [[Buick Skylark]]


[[Category:GM engines|Atlas]]
==External links==
*[http://www.Quad4Forums.com/ Quad4Forums.com]
*[http://autos.groups.yahoo.com/group/quadfourm/ Yahoo group QuadFourm mailing list]
 
==See also==
* [[List of GM engines]]
 
[[Category:GM engines|Quad 4]]
[[Category:Oldsmobile engines|Q]]

Revision as of 00:27, 3 February 2009

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This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (January 2008)


The Quad 4 (called Twin Cam after 1995) was a DOHC and SOHC straight-4 automobile engine produced by General Motors' Oldsmobile division. It was a modern engine for the time, but was criticized for roughness as well as its longevity[citation needed]. Balance shafts were added in 1995, also known as a transitional year from the Quad 4 to the renamed TWIN CAM variant, in 1996 2.4L (LD9) the complete engine makeover was accomplished. The name is derived from the engine's four cylinders and four valve per cylinder layout. There was a single overhead camshaft variant that was produced for a brief time. The Quad 4 used an iron block and an aluminum head.

The Quad 4 debuted in 1987 and was replaced after 2001 by the Ecotec. Quad 4 engines were produced at GM's Delta Engine Plant (Plant 5) in Delta Township, Michigan. In recent years, it has gained a minor following in hot rodding circles as a period style engine (which looks like a 1930's Offenhauser twin cam unit)[citation needed].

Quad OHC

A SOHC variant of the Quad 4 was intended to replace the Tech IV. Debuting in 1992, this Quad OHC was an 8-valve engine and produced 120 hp (89 kW), 40 hp (30 kW) less than a Quad 4 from the same era. Torque was 140 ft·lbf (190 N·m).

Although power and economy were better than the pushrod Tech IV, the Quad OHC was retired after 1994 when the DOHC version became standard.

LD2

The LD2 was the standard version of the Quad 4. The LD2 was the first incarnation of the Quad 4. It is a lower output version of the Quad 4 when compared to the LGO or High Output Quad 4. There was a transitional version of the LD2 in 1995.

1995

For 1995, a balance shaft-equipped version of the 2.3 L version was produced. A clever arrangement ensured a constant load on the shafts: The crank drove one shaft, which drives the second, which drives the oil pump. The shafts spun at twice the engine rpm, forcing the redline to be reduced from 6800 to 6500 rpm. Output was 150 hp (110 kW) and 150 ft·lbf (200 N·m). This was the only Quad 4 family engine produced in 1995. This was known as a transitional year for the engine family.

Applications:

  • 1995 Pontiac Sunfire GT
  • 1995 Chevrolet Cavalier Z24
  • 1995 Pontiac Grand Am SE
  • 1995 Oldsmobile Achieva

LG0

The High-Output 2.3 L LG0 version produced 180 hp (134 kW) from 1989 to 1992, and 175 hp (130 kW) in 1993 and 1994. Changes included more aggressive camshafts, and an extra half point of compression (from 9.5:1 to 10.0:1).

Applications:

  • 1990-1993 Chevrolet Beretta GTZ
  • 1994 Chevrolet Beretta Z26
  • 1989-1991 Pontiac Grand Am "SE"
  • 1990-1991 Pontiac Grand Am "LE"; only w/"Sport Performance Package"
  • 1992-1994 Pontiac Grand Am "GT"
  • 1990-1991 Pontiac Grand Prix
  • 1989-1991 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais "I-Series"
  • 1990-1991 Oldsmobile 442 (full model name: "Cutlass Calais Quad 442")
  • 1990-1991 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme
  • 1992-1994 Oldsmobile Achieva SC

W41

The W41 version was the highest-output Quad 4 at 190 hp (142 kW) in 1991 and 1992, and 185 hp (138 kW) in 1993. The additional 10 hp (7.5 kW) came from longer duration cams and a different PROM.

Applications:

  • 1991 Oldsmobile 442
  • 1992-1993 Oldsmobile Achieva SCX

LD9

The LD9 Twin Cam was a 2.4 L (146 cu in) Quad 4 variant with balance shafts, debuting in 1996. Bore was decreased from 92 mm (3.6 in) to 90 mm (3.5 in) and stroke increased from 85 mm (3.3 in) to 94 mm (3.70 in) for better torque, and power was increased to 150 hp (112 kW).[1] This engine received a minor update halfway through the 1999 model year that eliminated the EGR, increased the compression ratio from 9.5:1 to 9.7:1, and switched from low impedance fuel injectors to high impedance.

  • note the LD9 has been know to have connecting rod and connecting rod bearing problems(they tend to throw rods) when they get over 100,000 miles on them. First you will start to knock with out warning, if you do experience this problem you have time to save your engine(rebuilding it or rebuild shop) Some say to use 5w-40, 10w-40 oil, or 20w-50 racing oil to help prevent this or buy aftermarket connecting rods and bearings(which are a lot stronger)

Applications:

  • 1996-2002 Chevrolet Cavalier Z24 & LS
  • 1996-2002 Toyota cavalier 2.4Z
  • 1996-2001 Pontiac Sunfire GT & SE
  • 1996-2001 Pontiac Grand Am
  • 1996-1998 Oldsmobile Achieva
  • 1999-2001 Oldsmobile Alero
  • 1997-1999 Chevrolet Malibu
  • 1997-1999 Buick Skylark

External links

See also

  1. ↑ http://media.gm.com/division/chevrolet/products/archive_prod_info/pguide/cavalier/cavspec3.htm
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